Corrosion resistant binder for tungsten carbide materials and titanium carbide materials

ABSTRACT

Cemented carbide compositions and shaped bodies produced therefrom containing tungsten carbide or titanium carbide and a binder alloy containing cobalt and nickel and, by weight, about 18 to 20 percent chromium, 0.1 to 1 percent platinum and 0 to 3 percent iron.

United States Patent Franklin .1. Hill Janesville, Wis.

Aug. 18, 1969 Dec. 21, 1971 The Parker Pen Company .lanesvllle, Wis.

Inventor Appl. No. Filed Patented Assignee CORROSION RESISTANT BINDER FOR TUNGSTEN CARBIDE MATERIALS AND TITANIUM CARBIDE MATERIALS 4 Clalms, No Drawings US Cl. 29/1821, 29/1828, 75/203, 75/204 Int. Cl C22c 29/00 Field of Search 75/ I 34,

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Kieffer Dawihl et al..

Dawihl et a1 Goetzel et a1.

Smiley et a1.

Balke Wohrman Elbaum Meadows Primary Examiner-Benjamin R. Padgett Assistant Examiner-B. H. Hunt Atlorney Bacon 8 Thomas CORROSION RESISTANT BINDER FOR TUNGSTEN CARBIDE MATERIALS AND TITANIUM CARBIDE MATERIALS BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART Cemented carbide compositions containing a hard metal carbide bonded by a metal alloy binder are well known in the art. The hard metal carbide is typically a tungsten or titanium carbide and the metal alloy binder is typically an iron group metal. The hard metal carbide is normally present in the cemented carbide composition in at least major proportion by weight. Cemented carbide compositions can be used where hard and wear resistant compositions are required such as in cutting tools, turning tools, etc.

It has been suggested to supplement the normal iron group metal alloy binder with small amounts of chromium. The addition of small amounts of chromium or chromium carbide to a tungsten carbide-cobalt system is said to improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy but with an accompanying reduction in strength and metallurgical soundness. Additionally, the corrosion resistance of a tungsten carbide-nickel system to certain environments is said to be increased by the addition of chromium carbide but with an accompanying reduction in strength. To overcome these disadvantages, it has been suggested in US. Pat. No. 3,215,510 to employ compositions of tungsten carbide and about 10 to about 25 percent, but not more than 30 percent, by weight of binder of chromium and nickel wherein the ratio by weight of chromium to the combined weight of nickel and chromium ranges from about 0.015 to about 0.15. This composition is said to give outstanding corrosion resistance particularly to acids and alkalis.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is the provision of novel and improved corrosion resistant cemented carbide compositions.

A further object of the present invention is the provision of improved shaped bodies made from said cemented carbide compositions.

Further objects and improvements of the present invention will be apparent upon reading the undergoing specification and claims.

Novel corrosion resistant cemented carbide compositions and shaped bodies produced therefrom are provided containing tungsten carbide or titanium carbide and a binder alloy containing cobalt and nickel and, by weight, about 18 to 20 percent chromium, 0.1 to 1 percent platinum and to 3 percent iron.

The cemented carbide compositions of the present invention are produced by powder metallurgy techniques. Powder metallurgy techniques are, in general, well known in the art and include pressing a mixture of powders of the desired carbide and binder metals and then sintering the pressed mixture of powders to form a cemented composition. More particularly, a powder mixture of tungsten carbide or titanium carbide and the metals cobalt, nickel, chromium, platinum and iron is prepared and screened to obtain proper size particles. The powders may be mixed, for example, in a ball mill wherein the powders are suspended in a suitable liquid such as benzene. The milled powder is then dried, mixed with a suitable binder-lubricant and pressed or compacted. The pressed mixture is preferably presintered and then given a final sinter at conventional temperatures and preferably in vacuo. The final sintering is generally carried out under reduced pressure. It is conventional to form cemented carbide compositions by milling together the carbide and binder alloy metals as elemental powders. It has been found, however, that cobalt and nickel coated carbide powders with chromium, platinum and iron added as elemental powders may be milled together with equally good results.

The finally sintered cemented carbide compositions can be shaped by conventional technique as by grinding. Small diameter spherical shapes have been found to have excellent properties for use as writing points which will rotate freely against an inking magazine in a pen. Pens of this nature are conventionally referred to as ballpoint pens. Pen" as used in this context, however, is intended to refer to any instrument which can be used to apply ink or other fluid or viscous material to a receptive surface.

The cemented carbide compositions of the present invention possess outstanding corrosion resistance properties, particularly to aqueous ink and ferric chloride solutions. Additionally, shaped cemented carbide compositions of the present invention possess crush strengths comparable to conventional cobalt or nickel bound carbides. The above properties, therefore, make the cemented carbide compositions of the present invention particularly advantageous for use as writing points in ballpoint pens as described above.

The cemented carbide compositions of the present invention preferably contain about 75 to percent by weight of tungsten carbide or titanium carbide and about 5 to 25 percent or, more preferably, about 3 to 15 percent by weight of binder alloy. The binder alloy compositions according to the present invention usually contain, by weight, about 30 to 60 percent cobalt, 20 to 50 percent nickel, 18 to 20 percent chromium, 0.1 to 1 percent platinum and 0 to 3 percent iron. The preferred binder alloy compositions contain, by weight, about 45 to 55 percent cobalt, 25 to 35 percent nickel, 18 to 20 percent chromium, 0.5 to 1 percent platinum and 0 percent iron.

In order to compare the properties of the novel cemented carbide compositions of the present invention with the properties of prior art cemented carbide compositions, binder alloy compositions were prepared as shown in table 1. Table 1 lists the composition of binder alloys A through E in parts by weight of metal components.

TABLE-1 Binder Alloy Co Ni Cr Pt A 40 40 20 B 40 40 I9 I C 50 30 I9 I D 30 50 I9 I E 60 10 I9 I A comparison of the properties of tungsten carbide-cobalt and tungsten carbide-nickel cemented compositions with cemented compositions formed from tungsten carbide and binder alloys A through E from table 1 is shown in table 2. Corrosion data is given for aqueous ink and aqueous ferric chloride solutions.

A writing ball for a ballpoint pen was prepared by grinding tungsten carbide and titanium carbide compositions cemented with nickel and cobalt binders and by grinding tungsten carbide and titanium carbide compositions cemented with Alloy C binder from table 1 to compare the crush strength and microhardness properties of these compositions when formed into shaped bodies. The results of this test are set forth in table 3.

The following nonlimitative examples illustrate the invention:

EXAMPLE I Cobalt and nickel coated tungsten carbide powders, tungsten carbide powders and elemental chromium and platinum powders were prepared and screened to minus 325 mesh. The total charge of powders was as follows:

The powders were ball milled for 92 hours under benzene in a steel mill with steel balls. The milled powder was dried, mixed with Carbowax 1,000 (a water-soluble lubricant available from Union Carbide Corp.) as a binder-lubricant and compacted in a steel die at tons/sq. in. pressure. Cylindrical pieces of ya-inch dia. Xk inch in length where packed in a graphite-alundum mixture and presintered by heating slowly to 1,850 F. in a dissociated ammonia atmosphere. The pieces were then given a final sintering in vacuo at 2,550 F. for 1 hour under l00-200 microns pressure. A flat may be ground on the side of selected presintered pieces prior to final sintering if profilometer measurements or other corrosion tests are contemplated,

EXAMPLE 2 Titanium carbide, cobalt, nickel, chromium and platinum powders were prepared and screened. The total charge of powders and corresponding particle size were as follows:

40 g. TiC 5 microns 5 g. Co l.5 microns 3 5. Ni 7-l3 microns L9 g. Cr 325 mesh 0.l g. Pt 325 mesh 50.0 g. Total The powders were ball milled for 96 hours under benzene in a steel mill with steel balls. The milled powder was dried, mixed with a resin binder-lubricant and formed into 0.060 inch diameter spheres. The green spheres were packed in a graphite-alundum mixture and presintered by heating slowly to 1850 F. in a dissociated ammonia atmosphere. Final sintering of the spheres was carried out in vacuo at 2650" F. for one-half hour under 500 microns pressure. The spheres had shrunk to approximately 0.047 inch diameter and were then ground into 0.043 inch diameter balls for use as writing points in pens. The material of example I was also processed in like manner into balls for use as writing points in pens.

lclaim:

l. A cemented carbide composition comprising from about 75 percent to percent by weight ofa carbide selected from the group consisting of tungsten carbide and titanium carbide and from about 5 to 25 percent by weight of a binder alloy containing cobalt and nickel and, by weight, about [8 to 20 percent chromium, 0.l to 1 percent platinum and 0 to 3 percent iron.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the binder alloy contains, by weight, about 30 to 60 percent cobalt and 20 to 50 percent nickel.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the binder alloy contains, by weight, about 45 to 55 percent cobalt and 25 to 35 percent nickel.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the binder alloy contains, by weight 0 percent iron.

UNITED STATES PATENT ()FFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORREfiTiQN Patent No, 3, Dated December Inventor Franklin J.

It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 2, line 68 "Attacked, WC 10% Ni Attacked, 20" should be WC+ 10% Ni:

' 0. '75 1. 50 Attacked, 220

Column 3, line 45 "where" should be were Signed and sealed this 28th day of November- 1972.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCI+IER,J'R. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM PO-1050(10-69) USCOMM-DC 5O376-P59 U.S GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE I959 0"366'334 UNETED STATES PATENT GFFICE CERTIFICATE OF QOREGH Patent N 3, Dated December Inventor Franklin J.

It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 2, line 68 v "Attacked, WC +10% Ni Attacked, 20" should be WC+ 10% Ni:

0. 75 1.50 Attacked,?20

Column 3, line 45 "where" should be were Signed and sealed this 28th day of November 1972.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,J'R. ROBERT GOTTSCHALK Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents FORM FO-IOSO (10-69) USCOMM-DC GOING-P69 w u.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE I969 0-455-334 

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the binder alloy contains, by weight, about 30 to 60 percent cobalt and 20 to 50 percent nickel.
 3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the binder alloy contains, by weight, about 45 to 55 percent cobalt and 25 to 35 percent nickel.
 4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the binder alloy contains, by weight 0 percent iron. 